Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
by Stacey
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among patients with COVID-19 that require treatment in intensive care for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mortality has been reported between the 16 – 78% (1). In patients discharged alive, an increased risk of sequelae of anticipated COVID-19 (2). Hyperinflammatory response caused by SARS-CoV-2 is important in the pathogenesis COVID-19 and accompanied by a deregulated expression of interleukin 6 ( IL -6) were correlated with the severity of the disease (3 ).
Tocilizumab, monoclonal antibodies against IL -6 receptors originally licensed for use in rheumatoid arthritis, is also approved for the treatment of a chimeric antigen receptor T cell cytokine release syndrome-related and secondary hemophagocytic syndrome that shares important features with hyperinflammatory phase in COVID-19.
Several small studies from China and Europe have reported promising results of treatment with tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19, preventing the need for admission to intensive care units and improve clinical outcomes (4,5).
We aimed to evaluate the impact of treatment with tocilizumab compared with routine maintenance on important clinical outcomes in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit with ARDS because COVID-19.
Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Hand, foot, and mouth of the baby because of coxsackievirus A6 in Shanghai
Background: Evidence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in neonates is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical symptoms, pathogens, possible transmission route, and prognosis of neonatal HFMD in Shanghai.
Methods: This study is a case-control study based surveillance system registry HFMD. All neonates and infected family members were enrolled between 2016 and 2017 in Shanghai. Neonates with HFMD were followed for at least half a year. Detailed questionnaires, medical history, and physical examination were recorded. routine examination of blood, liver and kidney function, immunophenotypes peripheral blood lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, and CD8 T-cells, NK cells), immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG, and IgA, and cytokine interleukin (IL-1β, IL-2R , IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) levels were measured.
All rectal swab specimens were collected and genotypes of enteroviruses, and phylogenetic analysis based on sequence VP1 of coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) was conducted to investigate the molecular characteristics and evolution. T-test or nonparametric test was used to evaluate the difference. logistic analysis was applied to calculate the risk of clinical manifestations in the neonatal group and their brother paired HFMD.
Results: There were 16 neonates among 12 608 patients diagnosed with HFMD, accounting for 0.13%. All neonatal infection transmitted by other family members, especially the older brother, and is caused by the CV-A6. CV-A6 is the causative agent appears and dominant of HFMD in Shanghai. None of neonates with HFMD has a fever, onychomadesis, or severe complications. However, two patients older brothers showed lethargy, and an advanced hypoperfusion.
In older brother with HFMD, the proportion of white blood cells is generally higher than in neonates with HFMD. Immunological function of neonates with HFMD basically normal. Higher levels of inflammatory markers in both neonates and older brother with HFMD compared with controls of the same age. Clinical symptoms subsided about 1 week after the onset. None of the neonates had sequelae.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Mouse Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Mouse Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Mouse Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Interleukin-16 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 127 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 13.2 kDa. ;The Mouse IL-16 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Bovine Interleukin 16 (IL16) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Bovine Interleukin 16 (IL16) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.
Description: Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been characterized as a chemoattractant for certain immune cells expressing the cell surface molecule CD4, and it has effects on mixed lymphocyte reaction and inhibition of HIV viral replication. Bovine IL-16 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-16 produced in yeast.
Human Interleukin-16 (IL-16) AssayLite Antibody (FITC Conjugate)
Description: Interleukin-16 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 121 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 12.4 kDa. ;The IL-16 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-16 Interleukin-16 Human Recombinant Protein, (130 a.a.)
Description: Interleukin-16 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 130 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 13.5 kDa. ;The IL-16 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-16 Interleukin-16 Human Recombinant Protein, His Tag
Description: Interleukin-16 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain (502-631 a.a) containing 150 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 15.5kDa. The IL-16 is fused to a 20 a.a His-Tag at N-Terminus.;The IL-16 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: IL-16 Antibody: IL-16 was initially identified as a chemotactic cytokine, but is now known to possess a wide range of activities. Later studies have more fully characterized IL-16 as an immunomodulatory cytokine that contributes to the regulatory process of CD4+ T cell recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation in association with asthma and several autoimmune diseases. The precursor of IL-16 (pro-IL-16) is thought to be cleaved towards the C-terminal region by Caspase-3, releasing a 20 kDa active form that binds to and signals through CD4. Besides acting as a chemotactic cytokine, IL-16 is thought to also be involved in the regulation of T cell proliferation and multiple infectious, immune-mediated, and autoimmune inflammatory disorders including irritable bowel syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neurodegenerative disorders. At least two isoforms of IL-16 are known to exist; the longer isoform (also known as NIL-16) is detected only in neurons of the cerebellum and hippocampus.
Description: IL-16 Antibody: IL-16 was initially identified as a chemotactic cytokine, but is now known to possess a wide range of activities. Later studies have more fully characterized IL-16 as an immunomodulatory cytokine that contributes to the regulatory process of CD4+ T cell recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation in association with asthma and several autoimmune diseases. The precursor of IL-16 (pro-IL-16) is thought to be cleaved towards the C-terminal region by Caspase-3, releasing a 20 kDa active form that binds to and signals through CD4. Besides acting as a chemotactic cytokine, IL-16 is thought to also be involved in the regulation of T cell proliferation and multiple infectious, immune-mediated, and autoimmune inflammatory disorders including irritable bowel syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neurodegenerative disorders. At least two isoforms of IL-16 are known to exist; the longer isoform (also known as NIL-16) is detected only in neurons of the cerebellum and hippocampus.
Description: IL-16 Antibody: IL-16 was initially identified as a chemotactic cytokine, but is now known to possess a wide range of activities. Later studies have more fully characterized IL-16 as an immunomodulatory cytokine that contributes to the regulatory process of CD4+ T cell recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation in association with asthma and several autoimmune diseases. The precursor of IL-16 (pro-IL-16) is thought to be cleaved towards the C-terminal region by Caspase-3, releasing a 20 kDa active form that binds to and signals through CD4. Besides acting as a chemotactic cytokine, IL-16 is thought to also be involved in the regulation of T cell proliferation and multiple infectious, immune-mediated, and autoimmune inflammatory disorders including irritable bowel syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neurodegenerative disorders. At least two isoforms of IL-16 are known to exist; the longer isoform (also known as NIL-16) is detected only in neurons of the cerebellum and hippocampus.
Description: IL-16 Antibody: IL-16 was initially identified as a chemotactic cytokine, but is now known to possess a wide range of activities. Later studies have more fully characterized IL-16 as an immunomodulatory cytokine that contributes to the regulatory process of CD4+ T cell recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation in association with asthma and several autoimmune diseases. The precursor of IL-16 (pro-IL-16) is thought to be cleaved towards the C-terminal region by Caspase-3, releasing a 20 kDa active form that binds to and signals through CD4. Besides acting as a chemotactic cytokine, IL-16 is thought to also be involved in the regulation of T cell proliferation and multiple infectious, immune-mediated, and autoimmune inflammatory disorders including irritable bowel syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neurodegenerative disorders. At least two isoforms of IL-16 are known to exist; the longer isoform (also known as NIL-16) is detected only in neurons of the cerebellum and hippocampus.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
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Conclusions: In our study, the CV-A6 infection in neonates are benign, but it has the character of a family grouping. Because the two-child policy in China, the elder brother may be the main route of transmission of HFMD.
