Mild Cytokine Elevation, Moderate CD4 + T Cell Response and Abundant Antibody Production in Children with COVID-19
by Stacey
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Children with the disease in 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) reported mild symptoms and a better prognosis than their adult counterparts, but the difference in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, among children and adults have not been reported.
Therefore we began this research to know the features of the immune response in children with COVID-19. Sera and whole blood cells from 19 children with COVID-19 during the different phases of the onset of illness was collected. The concentrations of cytokines, SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD or N-specific antibody and T cell immune responses were detected each. In children with COVID-19, only 3 out of 12 cytokines are elevated in acute serum, including interferon (IFN) -γ-induced protein 10 (IP10), interleukin ( IL ) -10 and IL – 16 .
Mild Cytokine Elevation, Moderate CD4 + T Cell Response and Abundant Antibody Production in Children with COVID-19
We observed an increase in T helper (Th) -2 cells and suppression in regulatory T cells (Treg) in patients during the acute phase, but did not get a significant response was found in necrosis factor-producing IFN-γ or tumor (TNF) – α-producing CD8 + T cells in patients. S-RBD and N IgM showed initial induction, while the S-RBD and N-induced IgG stand later in the healing phase. RBD potent S-IgA responses were observed but N IgA seemingly inconspicuous. Children with COVID-19 shown with immunophenotype less inflammatory than adults, including elevation of cytokines mediocre, while CD4 + T-cell response and activated CD8 + T-cell response, but they humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is as strong as an adult. Our findings presented immunologic characteristics of children with COVID-19 and may provide some clues as to why children develop less severe disease than adults.
Treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19 Patients with Immunomodulatory Therapy observational evidence indicates that excessive inflammation with a cytokine storm may play an important role in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19. We report the emergency use immunomodulatory therapy utilizing extracorporeal selective device cytopheretic (SCD) in two patients with serum increased interleukin ( IL ) – 6 levels and flame retardant COVID-19 ARDS requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Both patients were selected based on clinical criteria and increased levels of IL -6 (> 100 pg / mL) as a biomarker of inflammation.
Once identified, emergency / expand the use permit for the treatment of SCD is obtained and the patient agree. COVID-six of 19 patients (4 in the ECMO) with severe ARDS is also filtered by IL -6 levels less than 100 pg / mL and were not treated with SCD. Two patients enrolled ratio of PaO 2 / FiO 2 increased from 55 and 58-200 and 192 at 52 and 50 hours respectively. inflammatory index also decreased to IL -6 fall of 231 and 598 pg / mL of 3.32 and 1 16 pg / mL respectively. IL -6 / IL -10 ratio also declined from 11.8 and 18 to respectively 0.7 and 0.62.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interleukin 16, IL-16 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Mouse Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Mouse Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Mouse Interleukin 16 (IL-16) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Interleukin-16 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 127 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 13.2 kDa. ;The Mouse IL-16 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Interleukin-16 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 121 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 12.4 kDa. ;The IL-16 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-16 Interleukin-16 Human Recombinant Protein, (130 a.a.)
Description: Interleukin-16 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 130 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 13.5 kDa. ;The IL-16 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-16 Interleukin-16 Human Recombinant Protein, His Tag
Description: Interleukin-16 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain (502-631 a.a) containing 150 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 15.5kDa. The IL-16 is fused to a 20 a.a His-Tag at N-Terminus.;The IL-16 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Claudin 16(CLDN16) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Claudin 16(CLDN16) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Claudin 16(CLDN16) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Cadherin 16(CDH16) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Cadherin 16(CDH16) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Cadherin 16(CDH16) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: IL-16 Antibody: IL-16 was initially identified as a chemotactic cytokine, but is now known to possess a wide range of activities. Later studies have more fully characterized IL-16 as an immunomodulatory cytokine that contributes to the regulatory process of CD4+ T cell recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation in association with asthma and several autoimmune diseases. The precursor of IL-16 (pro-IL-16) is thought to be cleaved towards the C-terminal region by Caspase-3, releasing a 20 kDa active form that binds to and signals through CD4. Besides acting as a chemotactic cytokine, IL-16 is thought to also be involved in the regulation of T cell proliferation and multiple infectious, immune-mediated, and autoimmune inflammatory disorders including irritable bowel syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neurodegenerative disorders. At least two isoforms of IL-16 are known to exist; the longer isoform (also known as NIL-16) is detected only in neurons of the cerebellum and hippocampus.
Description: IL-16 Antibody: IL-16 was initially identified as a chemotactic cytokine, but is now known to possess a wide range of activities. Later studies have more fully characterized IL-16 as an immunomodulatory cytokine that contributes to the regulatory process of CD4+ T cell recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation in association with asthma and several autoimmune diseases. The precursor of IL-16 (pro-IL-16) is thought to be cleaved towards the C-terminal region by Caspase-3, releasing a 20 kDa active form that binds to and signals through CD4. Besides acting as a chemotactic cytokine, IL-16 is thought to also be involved in the regulation of T cell proliferation and multiple infectious, immune-mediated, and autoimmune inflammatory disorders including irritable bowel syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neurodegenerative disorders. At least two isoforms of IL-16 are known to exist; the longer isoform (also known as NIL-16) is detected only in neurons of the cerebellum and hippocampus.
Description: IL-16 Antibody: IL-16 was initially identified as a chemotactic cytokine, but is now known to possess a wide range of activities. Later studies have more fully characterized IL-16 as an immunomodulatory cytokine that contributes to the regulatory process of CD4+ T cell recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation in association with asthma and several autoimmune diseases. The precursor of IL-16 (pro-IL-16) is thought to be cleaved towards the C-terminal region by Caspase-3, releasing a 20 kDa active form that binds to and signals through CD4. Besides acting as a chemotactic cytokine, IL-16 is thought to also be involved in the regulation of T cell proliferation and multiple infectious, immune-mediated, and autoimmune inflammatory disorders including irritable bowel syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neurodegenerative disorders. At least two isoforms of IL-16 are known to exist; the longer isoform (also known as NIL-16) is detected only in neurons of the cerebellum and hippocampus.
Description: IL-16 Antibody: IL-16 was initially identified as a chemotactic cytokine, but is now known to possess a wide range of activities. Later studies have more fully characterized IL-16 as an immunomodulatory cytokine that contributes to the regulatory process of CD4+ T cell recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation in association with asthma and several autoimmune diseases. The precursor of IL-16 (pro-IL-16) is thought to be cleaved towards the C-terminal region by Caspase-3, releasing a 20 kDa active form that binds to and signals through CD4. Besides acting as a chemotactic cytokine, IL-16 is thought to also be involved in the regulation of T cell proliferation and multiple infectious, immune-mediated, and autoimmune inflammatory disorders including irritable bowel syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neurodegenerative disorders. At least two isoforms of IL-16 are known to exist; the longer isoform (also known as NIL-16) is detected only in neurons of the cerebellum and hippocampus.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Interleukin 16 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
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Both patients were successfully weaned off ECMO after 17 and 16 SCD treatment days each. The results observed with SCD therapy in critically ill COVID two 19 patients with severe ARDS and elevated IL -6 are encouraging. A multicenter clinical trial is ongoing with the FDA-approved Investigational Device Exemption to evaluate the therapeutic potential to effectively treat SCD-19 COVID ICU patients.
